Python爬取高德地图各城市天气情况

import time

import requests
from prettytable import PrettyTable     #用来打印表格的库
'''
查询当前地点天气的url：https://www.amap.com/service/weather?adcode=110000
各城市对应code的url：https://www.amap.com/service/cityList?version=20207

备注：这两个url可以从Network中查看到
'''

# 获取地名对应的code
def get_location_dic(location_dic_url,province):

    # 判断输入的省份名称是否正确
    list = ['北京市', '天津市', '河北省', '山西省', '内蒙古自治区', '辽宁省', '吉林省', '黑龙江省', '上海市', '江苏省', '浙江省', '安徽省', '福建省', '江西省', '山东省', '河南省',
     '湖北省', '湖南省', '广东省', '广西壮族自治区', '海南省', '重庆市', '四川省', '贵州省', '云南省', '西藏自治区', '陕西省', '甘肃省', '青海省', '宁夏回族自治区',
     '新疆维吾尔自治区', '台湾省', '香港特別行政區', '澳門特別行政區']

    if province not in list:
        print('_'*100)
        print(':( 输入错误！请输入正确的省份名称')
        print('提示：可输入的省份名称为：')
        print(list)
    else:
        headers = {
            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/62.0.3202.89 Safari/537.36'}

        response = requests.get(location_dic_url,headers=headers)
        response.encoding = response.apparent_encoding

        # 获取json数据
        data = response.json()['data']['cityData']['provinces']

        # 创建字典用于保存各省份的code
        provinces_code_dic = {}
        for d in data:
            provinces_code_dic[data[d]['label']] = data[d]['adcode']

        # 获取指定省份的所有城市的code等基础信息
        cities_data = data[provinces_code_dic[province]]['cities']

        # 直辖市没有城市，此时直接返回上一级包含直辖市code信息的内容。
        if not cities_data:
            cities_data = [data[provinces_code_dic[province]]]
        return cities_data
    return ''


# 从高德地图返回的json数据中获取关键部分
def get_today_data(url,location_code):
    weather_url = url + location_code
    response = requests.get(weather_url)
    response.encoding = response.apparent_encoding
    today_data = response.json()['data']['data'][0]
    return today_data

# 从以上获取的数据中抽取出当前地点的天气信息并赋值给对象wheather
# 从json数据中可以看出，高德地图的天气数据分为白天和夜晚
def get_wheather(today_data):
    wheather = {
        'day_wheather': {
            'max_temp': today_data['forecast_data'][0]['max_temp'],
            'min_temp': today_data['forecast_data'][0]['min_temp'],
            'weather_name': today_data['forecast_data'][0]['weather_name'],
            'wind_power_desc': today_data['forecast_data'][0]['wind_power_desc'],
            'wind_direction_desc': today_data['forecast_data'][0]['wind_direction_desc']
        },
        'night_wheather': {
            'max_temp': today_data['forecast_data'][1]['max_temp'],
            'min_temp': today_data['forecast_data'][1]['min_temp'],
            'weather_name': today_data['forecast_data'][1]['weather_name'],
            'wind_power_desc': today_data['forecast_data'][1]['wind_power_desc'],
            'wind_direction_desc': today_data['forecast_data'][1]['wind_direction_desc']
        }
    }
    return wheather



if __name__ == '__main__':
    while True:
        province = input('请输入省份名称：')
        print('正在爬取，请稍后...')
        print('')
        url = 'https://www.amap.com/service/weather?adcode='
        location_dic_url = 'https://www.amap.com/service/cityList?version=20207'

        # 定义空列表用来存储所有城市的天气信息
        all_info = []

        # 获取各城市对应code及其他信息
        location_dic_all = get_location_dic(location_dic_url,province)

        if location_dic_all:
            # 去除没用信息，只保留 城市：code
            location_dic = [
                {
                    base['name']:base['adcode'] for base in location_dic_all
                }
            ]

            # 提取城市名列表
            locations = location_dic[0].keys()

            # 遍历城市名称，将所需信息提取出来全部赋给all_info
            for location in locations:
                today_data = get_today_data(url,location_dic[0][location])
                wheather = get_wheather(today_data)
                all_info.append(
                    {
                        'location':location,
                        'day_wheather':wheather['day_wheather'],
                        'night_wheather':wheather['night_wheather']
                    }
                )
            today = today_data['forecast_date']
            weekday = str(today_data['weekday'])

            # 数据中含有1-7代表星期，通过字典将其和星期一一对应
            weekday_dic = {
                '1':'星期二',
                '2':'星期三',
                '3':'星期四',
                '4':'星期五',
                '5':'星期六',
                '6':'星期日',
                '7':'星期一',
            }

            # 调用此模块用于打印表格
            tb = PrettyTable()
            tb.field_names = ['城市','早晚','天气','最高温度','最低温度','风力']
            for x in all_info:
                tb.add_row([x['location'],'白天',x['day_wheather']['weather_name'],x['day_wheather']['max_temp'],x['day_wheather']['min_temp'],x['day_wheather']['wind_direction_desc'] + ' ' + x['day_wheather']['wind_power_desc']])
                tb.add_row(['','夜晚',x['night_wheather']['weather_name'],x['night_wheather']['max_temp'],x['night_wheather']['min_temp'],x['night_wheather']['wind_direction_desc'] + ' ' + x['night_wheather']['wind_power_desc']])
            print('今天是%s %s。%s天气如下：'%(today,weekday_dic[weekday],province))
            print(tb)
        print('*'*100)
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