python with 用法举例

我们知道在操作文件对象的时候可以这么写

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with open('a.txt') as f:
  '代码块'

上述叫做上下文管理协议,即with语句,为了让一个对象兼容with语句,必须在这个对象的类中声明enterexit方法

使用举例

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import shelve


class (object):
"""
使用Shelve存储提取对象
"""

def __init__(self, file):
self.file_name = file

def save(self, key, value):
"""
存储对象
:param key:
:param value:
:return:
"""
self.file_obj[key] = value

def load(self, key):
"""
获得对象
:param key:
:return:
"""
return self.file_obj[key]

def load_keys(self):
"""
返回所有key
:return:
"""
return list(self.file_obj.keys())

def del_obj(self, key):
"""
删除object
:return:
"""
del self.file_obj[key]

def __enter__(self):
print("enter")
self.file_obj = shelve.open(self.file_name)
return self

def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
print("exit")
self.file_obj.close()
return True


if __name__ == '__main__':

a = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}

with ShelveUtil('a.db') as s:
s.save('a', a)
print(s.load('a'))

输出

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enter
{'a': 1, 'b': 2}
exit