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异常处理

admin 1月 30, 2021 0

python捕获异常

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try:
    a = 1 / 0
except Exception, e:
    print str(e)

输出

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integer division or modulo by zero

可以继承Exception类

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class AIsZeroError(Exception):
    pass

try:
    raise AIsZeroError('a is 0')
except AIsZeroError, e:
    print str(e)

输出

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a is 0

python中使用traceback模块处理异常，sys模块也提供了特定的参数和函数。

sys.exc_info()

该函数会返回一个三元元组，包含异常信息（exc_type exc_value exc_traceback）

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try:
    a = 1 / 0
except Exception:
    t, value, tb = sys.exc_info()
    print t
    print value
    print tb

输出

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<type 'exceptions.ZeroDivisionError'>
integer division or modulo by zero
<traceback object at 0x000000000367A5C8>

traceback.print_exception()

格式化输出异常

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try:
    a = 1 / 0
except Exception:
    t, value, tb = sys.exc_info()
    traceback.print_exception(t, value, tb)

输出

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Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:/MyData/code/python_test/just_fo_test/main.py", line 5, in <module>
    a = 1 / 0
ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero

traceback.print_exc()

traceback.print_exc()函数只是traceback.print_exception()函数的一个简写形式

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try:
    a = 1 / 0
except Exception:
    traceback.print_exc(file=sys.stdout)

traceback.format_exception()

传入参数，返回一个数组

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try:
    a = 1 / 0
except Exception:
    t, value, tb = sys.exc_info()
    for l in traceback.format_exception(t, value, tb):
        print l

输出

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Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "D:/MyData/code/python_test/just_fo_test/main.py", line 5, in <module>
    a = 1 / 0

ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero
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