高阶函数
map
>>> def f(x):
... return x * x
...
>>> r = map(f, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])
>>> list(r)
[1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]
reduce
>>> from functools import reduce
>>> def fn(x, y):
... return x * 10 + y
...
>>> def char2num(s):
... digits = {'0': 0, '1': 1, '2': 2, '3': 3, '4': 4, '5': 5, '6': 6, '7': 7, '8': 8, '9': 9}
... return digits[s]
...
>>> reduce(fn, map(char2num, '13579'))
13579
filter
def is_odd(n):
return n % 2 == 1
list(filter(is_odd, [1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 15]))
# 结果: [1, 5, 9, 15]
sorted
>>> sorted([36, 5, -12, 9, -21], key=abs)
[5, 9, -12, -21, 36]
匿名函数
>>> list(map(lambda x: x * x, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]))
[1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]
装饰器
def log(text):
def decorator(func):
def wrapper(*args, **kw):
print('%s %s():' % (text, func.__name__))
return func(*args, **kw)
return wrapper
return decorator
@log('execute')
def now():
print('2015-3-25')
>>> now()
execute now():
2015-3-25
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