新概念每日一课 018

• appear (L. 2) verb intransitive, take part in a film/movie, play, television programme, etc. 出演。

• frame (L. 4) verb, [usually passive] frame somebody (for something) produce false evidence against an innocent person so that people think he or she is guilty. 构陷。

  framed，诬陷的。

• experience (L. 8) noun, [countable] an event or activity that affects you in some way. 经历。

• encroach (L. 10) verb intransitive, (formal) encroach (on/upon something) slowly begin to cover more and more of an area. 蚕食。

  encroaching，潜移默运的。

• bewilder (L. 11) verb, [usually passive] bewilder somebody confuse somebody. 令人困惑。

• unhorse (L. 12) verb, knock or throw from a horse. 击落马背。

• taboo (L. 12) noun, a cultural or religious custom that does not allow people to do, use or talk about a particular thing as people find it offensive or embarrassing. 忌讳。

• impending (L. 18) adjective, (only before noun) (usually of an unpleasant event) that is going to happen very soon. 措手不及的。

• immolation (L. 18) noun uncountable, (formal) the act of killing somebody by burning them, usually in a formal ceremony. 燔祭。

• William S. Hart was, perhaps, the greatest of all Western stars, for unlike Gary Cooper and John Wayne he appeared in nothing but Westerns. (LL. 1 – 2)

  for, conjunction, (old-fashioned or literary) used to introduce the reason for something mentioned in the previous statement. ‘因 …’。

• Men accustomed to struggling for survival against the elements … (L. 11)

  ‘先民栉风沐雨，筚路蓝缕。’

  the elements, the weather, especially bad weather. 凄风苦雨。

• … we all want a code to live by. (LL. 18 – 19)

  live by, follow a particular belief or set of principles. 信奉。

课文选自 Virtue and a Fast Gun 一文，刊登在1965年10月10日的 The Observer。The Observer 是1791年12月4日创刊的英国周报（每周日发行）， 1993年被《卫报》the Guardian 的母公司 Guardian Media Group Limited 收购。这份报纸命途多舛，几经转卖，报风一变再变。

Carl Foreman (23 July 1914 – 26 June 1984)，米国剧作家，制片人，荷里活名片《桂河大桥》The Bridge on the River Kwai 剧本作者。二十世纪三十年代曾加入米国共产党。

他对英国电影业影响深远。1965 – 1971年，任英国电影协会董事 （British Film Institute）。1998 – 2009， 英国电影学院奖（British Academy Film Award） 有一个奖以他的名字命名， the Carl Foreman Award for the Most Promising Newcomer。

William S. Hart，全名 William Surrey Hart (6 December 1864 – 23 June 1946)，米国默片演员，剧作家，导演，制片人，二十世纪一二十年代称霸影坛，一时无两。他生于米国纽约州橙县（Orange County）Newburgh 镇，位于纽约市以北65英里左右。

Gary Cooper，原名 Frank James Cooper (7 May 1901 – 13 May 1961)，生于米国 Montana 州 Helena，高中时曾辍学在自家农场当过一年牛仔。从1925年到1960年，主演84部电影，是默片时代过渡到荷里活黄金时代的一代米国偶像。Carl Foreman 为其主演的名片 High Noon (1952) 编剧。

John Wayne，原名 Marion Mitchell Morrison (26 May 1907 – 11 June 1979)，生于米国 Iowa 州 Winterset，长于南加州。一生出演过一百多部影片，83部为西部片。Carl Foreman 为其提供 Dakota (1945) 一片原创故事。