这是我参与8月更文挑战的第14天，活动详情查看：8月更文挑战；
ES操作（中）
索引的mappings映射
索引分词概念
index：默认true，设置为false的话，那么这个字段就不会被索引
创建索引的同时创建mappings
#PUT /{索引名}（自定义）
#PUT http://192.168.123.64:9200/index_jacquesh
{
"mappings": {
"properties": {
"username": {
"type": "text",
"index": true
},
"realname": {
"type": "keyword",
"index": false
}
}
}
}
#返回
{
"acknowledged": true,
"shards_acknowledged": true,
"index": "index_mapping"
}
#创建索引成功
复制代码mappings与setting一起使用
# PUT http://192.168.123.64:9200/{索引名}
{
"mappings": {
"properties": {
"username": {
"type": "text",
"index": true
},
"realname": {
"type": "keyword",
"index": false
}
}
},
"settings": {
"index": {
"number_of_shards": "2",
"number_of_replicas": "0"
}
}
}
##返回
{
"acknowledged": true,
"shards_acknowledged": true,
"index": "index_mapping_and_setting"
}
##创建成功
复制代码查看分词效果
#GET /{索引名}/_analyze
#GET http://192.168.123.64:9200/index_mapping
{
"field": "username",
"text": "my name is jacquesh"
}
##返回
{
"tokens": [
{
"token": "my",
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 2,
"type": "<ALPHANUM>",
"position": 0
},
{
"token": "name",
"start_offset": 3,
"end_offset": 7,
"type": "<ALPHANUM>",
"position": 1
},
{
"token": "is",
"start_offset": 8,
"end_offset": 10,
"type": "<ALPHANUM>",
"position": 2
},
{
"token": "jacquesh",
"start_offset": 11,
"end_offset": 19,
"type": "<ALPHANUM>",
"position": 3
}
]
}
##可以看出是经过分词器处理的
复制代码修改索引映射
#POST http://192.168.123.64:9200/{索引名}/_mapping
{
"properties": {
"username": {
"type": "long"
}
}
}
##返回（报错）
{
"error": {
"root_cause": [
{
"type": "illegal_argument_exception",
"reason": "mapper [username] cannot be changed from type [text] to [long]"
}
],
"type": "illegal_argument_exception",
"reason": "mapper [username] cannot be changed from type [text] to [long]"
},
"status": 400
}
###注意->某个属性一旦被建立，就不能修改了，但是可以新增额外属性
如下：
{
"properties": {
"sex": {
"type": "integer"
}
}
}
#返回
{
"acknowledged": true
}
###新增加成功
复制代码主要数据类型
- text, keyword, string
- long, integer, short, byte
- double, float
- boolean
- date
- object
- 数组不能混，类型一致
字符串
- text：文字类需要被分词被倒排索引的内容，比如
商品名称，商品详情，商品介绍，使用text - keyword：不会被分词，不会被倒排索引，直接匹配搜索，比如
订单状态，用户qq，微信号，手机号等，这些精确匹配，无需分词
文档的基本操作
添加文档数据
# POST /{索引名}/_doc/{索引ID}
#
（是指索引在es中的id，而不是这条记录的id，比如记录的id从数据库来是1001，并不是这个。如果不写，则自动生成一个字符串。<建议和数据id保持一致>）
## POST http://192.168.123.64:9200/index_jacquesh/_doc/1001
{
"id": 1001,
"name": "jacuqesh",
"desc": "jacuqesh is very good,jacuqesh非常牛！",
"create_date": "2020-09-04"
}
##返回
{
"_index": "index_jacquesh",
"_type": "_doc",
"_id": "1001",
"_version": 1,
"result": "created",
"_shards": {
"total": 1,
"successful": 1,
"failed": 0
},
"_seq_no": 0,
"_primary_term": 2
}
##创建成功
接下来以此再新增加2条数据
## POST http://192.168.123.64:9200/index_jacquesh/_doc/1002
{
"id": 1002,
"name": "jack",
"desc": "jack is very nice,jack非常好！",
"create_date": "2020-09-05"
}
## POST http://192.168.123.64:9200/index_jacquesh/_doc/1003
{
"id": 1003,
"name": "huang",
"desc": "huang 是广东吴彦祖！",
"create_date": "2020-09-15"
}
复制代码查看index信息：可以看出mappings自动创建了
- 如果索引没有手动建立mappings，那么当插入文档数据的时候，会根据文档类型自动设置属性类型。这个就是es的动态映射，帮我们在index索引库中去建立数据结构的相关配置信息。
- “fields”: {“type”: “keyword”} 对一个字段设置多种索引模式，使用text类型做全文检索，也可使用keyword类型做聚合和排序
- “ignore_above” : 256 设置字段索引和存储的长度最大值，超过则被忽略
删除文档
# DELETE /{索引名}/_doc/{索引ID}
# DELETE http://192.168.123.64:9200/index_jacquesh/_doc/1001
##返回
{
"_index": "index_jacquesh",
"_type": "_doc",
"_id": "1001",
"_version": 2,
"result": "deleted",
"_shards": {
"total": 1,
"successful": 1,
"failed": 0
},
"_seq_no": 1,
"_primary_term": 2
}
##删除成功
复制代码-
注：文档删除不是立即删除，文档还是保存在磁盘上，索引增长越来越多，才会把那些曾经标识过删除的，进行清理，从磁盘上移出去。
可以看出_id=1001的已经被删除
修改文档
-
局部：
# POST /{索引名}/_doc/{索引ID}/_update # POST http://192.168.123.64:9200/index_jacquesh/_doc/1002/_update { "doc": { "name": "huangkunhuang" } } ##返回 { "_index": "index_jacquesh", "_type": "_doc", "_id": "1002", "_version": 2, "result": "updated", "_shards": { "total": 1, "successful": 1, "failed": 0 }, "_seq_no": 1, "_primary_term": 2 } ##修改成功 复制代码 -
全量替换：
# PUT /{索引名}/_doc/{索引ID} { "id": 1002, "name": "黄某人", "desc": "黄某人实在是代码写的太好了！", "create_date": "2020-12-24" } ## 返回 { "_index": "index_jacquesh", "_type": "_doc", "_id": "1002", "_version": 3, "result": "updated", "_shards": { "total": 1, "successful": 1, "failed": 0 }, "_seq_no": 2, "_primary_term": 2 } ##更新成功 复制代码
- 注：每次修改后，version会更改
查询文档
常规查询
//第一种
# GET /{索引名}/_doc/{索引ID}
# http://192.168.123.64:9200/index_jacquesh/_doc/1002
返回
{
"_index": "index_jacquesh",
"_type": "_doc",
"_id": "1002",
"_version": 3,
"_seq_no": 2,
"_primary_term": 2,
"found": true,
"_source": {
"id": 1002,
"name": "黄某人",
"desc": "黄某人实在是代码写的太好了！",
"create_date": "2020-12-24"
}
}
//第二种
# GET /{索引名}/_doc/_search
# GET http://192.168.123.64:9200/index_jacquesh/_doc/_search
{
"query" : {
"match" :{
"_id":1002
}
}
}
返回
{
"took": 136,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": {
"value": 1,
"relation": "eq"
},
"max_score": 1.0,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "index_jacquesh",
"_type": "_doc",
"_id": "1002",
"_score": 1.0,
"_source": {
"id": 1002,
"name": "黄某人",
"desc": "黄某人实在是代码写的太好了！",
"create_date": "2020-12-24"
}
}
]
}
}
复制代码\
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