定义
以def 关键字开头，后接函数名字和圆括号() 以冒号:结尾
参数必须放在圆括号内，多个参数逗号分隔
return 结束函数，默认返回None
retrun 可以返回多个值，返回数据类型为元祖，可以用解包的方式多个变量接收多个返回参数
示例
定义一个函数
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In [1]: def hello():
...: print('hello')
...:
In [2]: hello()
hello
In [3]: info = hello()
hello
In [4]: print(info)
None
In [5]: def hello():
...: return 'nihao'
...:
In [6]: hello()
Out[6]: 'nihao'
In [7]: info = hello()
In [8]: print(info)
nihao
In [9]: def hello():
...: return 'nihao',True
...:
...:
In [10]: info = hello()
In [11]: print(info)
('nihao', True)
In [12]: i,j = hello()
In [13]: print(i,j)
nihao True
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关键字函数
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In [1]: def count(x,y):
...: return x+y
...:
In [2]: c = count(y=2,x=1)
In [3]: c
Out[3]: 3
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默认值函数
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In [4]: def count(x,y=10):
...: return x+y
...:
In [5]: c = count(1)
In [6]: c
Out[6]: 11
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可变位置函数，返回元祖
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In [9]: def count(x,y,*z):
...: return x,y,z
In [10]: c = count(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8)
In [11]: c
Out[11]: (1, 2, (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8))
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可变关键字参数，返回字典
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In [12]: def count(x,y,*z,**kw):
...: return x,y,z,kw
In [13]: c = count(1,2,3,4,name='gjw')
In [14]: c
Out[14]: (1, 2, (3, 4), {'name': 'gjw'})
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